scatter diagram (or scattergram) a graphical display of the association between two variables in which a dot is plotted on the graph for each set of paired values for two continuous variables, with one variable plotted on the horizontal axis, and the other plotted on the vertical axis. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. normal distribution a distribution represented as a bell shape, symmetrical on both sides of the peak, which is simultaneously the mean, median, and mode, and with both tails extending to infinity. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. Synonym: Retina Degeneration. if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. P value the probability of observing an association between two variables or a difference between two or more groups as large or larger than that observed, if the null hypothesis were true. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. epidemiology, descriptive the aspect of epidemiology concerned with organizing and summarizing data regarding the persons affected (e.g., the characteristics of those who became ill), time (e.g., when they become ill), and place (e.g., where they might have been exposed to the cause of illness). discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired infections that are typically not present or might be incubating at the time of admission. infection rate. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. forest plot a graph that displays the point estimates and confidence intervals of individual studies included in a meta-analysis or systematic review as a series of parallel lines. A There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). epidemic the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. {\displaystyle A} An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. Q. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. iSYNONYM. Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. symmetrical a type of distribution where the shapes to the right and left of the central location are the same. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. census the enumeration of an entire population, usually including details on residence, age, sex, occupation, racial/ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and relationship to the head of household. sensitivity the ability of a test, case definition, or surveillance system to identify true cases; the proportion of people with a health condition (or the proportion of outbreaks) that are identified by a screening test or case definition (or surveillance system). The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. vector a living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission, biologic and transmission, mechanical) (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks). According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). a performance that didn't rate very high. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. prevalence rates. A nonspecific laboratory test used as a marker of inflammation. incidence rates. In this study, we used a spherically symmetric compartmental ODE model to track the HIV viral dynamics in the LN and predict the contribution of ongoing replication within the LN to the whole-body proviral pool in an ARV-suppressed . Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. ) is therefore Solve Now. isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. vital statistics systematically tabulated data about recorded births, marriages, divorces, and deaths. Clumping is increased by the presence of acute-phase proteins released during inflammation. prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? The rate of utilization of energy. Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. Synonyms for 'Rate of infection'. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. virulence the ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease, measured as the proportion of persons with the disease who become severely ill or die. surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and rates of prevalence. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a nurse-driven pneumococcal vaccination protocol based on the 2012 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines within an academic rheumatology clinic. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. health information system a combination of health statistics from different sources. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? measure of dispersion see measure of spread. control in a case-control study, a member of the group of persons without the health problem under study (see also comparison group and study, case-control). mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). secondary attack rate see attack rate, secondary. rates of hiv aids. is directly proportional to The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. decision analysis application of quantitative methods to decision-making. pandemic an epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. sample, representative a sample whose characteristics correspond to those of the original or reference population. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. You can complete the list of synonyms of infection rate given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster English-Synonyms dictionary : translate English words into Synonyms with online dictionaries. transmission, direct immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host by direct contact or droplet spread. Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. predictive value positive the proportion of cases identified by a test, reported by a surveillance system, or classified by a case definition that are true cases, calculated as the number of true-positives divided by the number of true-positives plus false-positives. However, 1 vote. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred.
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