The Prince George and Bengalee group November 1838, Australian place names changed from German names, "The Wine Industry of Australia 1788 1979", "Ghil'ad's Indigenous language game changer", "4. There are many interesting stories of pioneering families such as Manitzkys waiting to be researched in our collection at Queensland State Archives. Neg 79545, Members of the German Club, Brisbane ca. They may have travelled from Prenzlau, Uckermark, Brandenburg on the Cesar Godeffroy vessel arrived c1864; how they came to be at Westbrook and Toowoomba surrounds. Neg 168484, Advertisement for a cream separator in a German language publication, Queensland magazine 1898. And, as far as I can make out, he came without family. I am interested in any information pertaining to Christian Batzloff, his wife Caroline Rogo (Rogge) and their Daughter Wlhelmine Erdman - Husband Frederick Erdman. Neg 20711, Social gathering at the German Club, Brisbane ca. ). Limit 20 per day. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2c2195fbb1a9a7 Its castles, towers, its palaces, its legendary lore . Here a perpetual summer clothes the scene. The arrival of these settlers was due to Edward Lord, a storekeeper from Drayton on the Darling Downs, who pioneered the idea of encouraging German migration direct to Moreton Bay, rather than through the port of Sydney. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. John Oxley Library, State Library. I will see if I can assist the group collect information. However, they do sometimes have to deal with the Dutchasking them to return their bikes (fleeing Nazi soldiers took anything with wheels to escape during WWII). Immigrant passenger arrivals in South Australia (usually at Port Adelaide) from Australian ports up to 1847, UK & Ireland up to 1850 and Germany up to 1858, totaling more than 2,000 voyages. This period was, though, a time of particularly high emigration from Germany (overpopulation in some states, fear of being caught up in Prussia's wars against Denmark, Austria and France), and Queensland's immigration program benefited from this. 23 Johann Christian Heussler Advertisement in Moreton Bay Courier, November 1854: GERMAN IMMIGRATION Organised large-scale immigration had begun with the . Neg 20134, German settler and his family Rosewood Scrub ca. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. A contributor to a volume about Europes Expansions, she is currently researching German migrant identity and newspapers. The mostly German settled Banat area was once part of the Austrian Empire and is now divided among Romania, Yugoslavia and Hungary. I am very new to Wikitree and just learning how it all works. When the first Census of the Colony of Queensland was taken on 7 April, 1861, there were 1,562 males and 562 females living in Queensland who were born in Germany, of whom 1,049 males and 296 females were from Rural Portions of Police Districts. He studied at the University of Sydney, University of Marburg, and the Technical University, Berlin. 10 working days national, international shipping possible. 1896 Script under photograph reads: 'Deutsch Besitzung in Westbrook.' Sorry but I wasn't paying much attention to emails/WikiTree at that time. Heuler did a good job and Germans arrived in Queensland in large numbers over the next decade and more, mainly in family groups. Old Lutheran schism The group was composed of Lutheran immigrants who had left their homeland escaping what they considered to be religious persecution at the hands of Prussian King Frederick William III, mainly because of their rejection of Prussian state enforcement of a new prayer book for church services. Data and Resources I'll start by assuming that he migrated with some friends and family. strangers, hail! (The surviving kids can wait, as I still need to track down marriages and their kids.) [1] Germany was the largest foreign European contributor to Queensland's population with an undesirable, disproportionate number of females to males. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The display, From Hamburg to Moreton Bay: Germans in Queensland, is available for loan to community interest groups at no cost by contacting 07 3131 7777 or visiting www.archives.qld.gov.au. Did they own land or were labourers? That loathsome sight, England's New Poor Law prison. We wish you joy, - Eden could yield no more. Great to hear from you Julie. Queensland State Archives (QSA) Other useful records include immigration agent records, which may provide details of where an immigrant went, and who employed them after their arrival, and land orders, which may help establish if a person was resident in Queensland at a particular time. Login to post. Friedrich Wilhelm was . Thank heaven, a building of so dark a shade, In this glad land hath never rais'd its head, -. Yours is a land of plenty, and almost cloudless skies. Following on the successful programme developed by the colony of New South Wales which had instigated immigration to Moreton Bay in 1848 with the arrival of the Artemisia, sailing ships carried the majority of travelers. 1864 April 27, John Cesar (231), Hamburg. Queensland, Australia, Immigration Records: Passengers and Crew, 1852-1899 South Australia, Incoming and Outgoing Passenger Lists, 1845-1940 Tasmania, Australia, Passenger Arrivals, 1829-1957 Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839-1923 New South Wales, Australia, Immigration Deposit Journals, 1853-1900 1863 May 30, Golden Dream, 142 from Bremen and 243 from London. [8][9] The ship almost never arrived, as it sailed straight into a major storm at Port Misery (Port Adelaide), which also wrecked the barque Grecian (three-masted, built at Sunderland, England in 1841) earlier that day. We are inspired by this tradition in our work to share and preserve Queensland's memory for future generations. - But stop - wild fancy - why attempt to paint. Also during these years Chinese, Japanese and Melanesians were absorbed into the population although many of these later returned to their homelands. German Immigration. The district was known as Jardine because this was name given to the Parish of land. One of the first provisions made by the new Queensland Parliament in May 1860 was to encourage immigration to the vast land area encompassed by the newly declared colony. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. Von Senden was born in Holstein, Germany in 1852 and came to Australia in 1865. But I am more interested in the Batzloff/Erdman family from which I am most likely a descendant. All other colonies were restricted to ports near their capitals. Growing from a population of 30,059 in 1861, over half a million were resident in Queensland in 1901, due to an influx of over a quarter of a million overseas incomers, a surge of settlers from the southern colonies and New Zealand, as well as a healthy increase in the local birthrate. In 1885, two Lutheran (German) groups formed in Queensland, namely, the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Queensland, and the United German-Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Queensland. [1], Two Lutheran missionaries whose work later proved significant in the preservation of Aboriginal Australian languages such as Bangarla[2] and Kaurna,[3][4] Clamor Wilhelm Schrmann and Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann, arrived in Adelaide on the Pestonjee Bomanjee on 12 October 1838. Ian, my first step was to add you as a member of the team. I understand that Christian and his family initially came to Roma, Queensland, but some of the family then moved to the Toowoomba region. With vales romantic, - and with cliffs sublime. In 1840 a letter was sent to the Old Lutherans in Prussia to encourage others to also emigrate. Almost 200,000 Germans live in the Alpine republic, with most moving to Vienna. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. Prussian/German settlement and migration to Queensland is a complex topic. Henri landed one year prior to that run. (21.02.2017). 1896. The friends who lov'd each other, and who flourishd side by side. Included in this letter was a request for a second pastor to be sent also. Industrious care, well paid, by wide spread lands. The following ships departed from Hamburg or Bremen: 1861 Sept. 29, Grassbrook (246), Hamburg. National Archives of Australia (NAA) Dr. Asscheanfeldt, surgeon-superintendent and among whom are two Roman Catholic missionaries. The first two German immigrant ships, Marbs and the Aurora, arrived on 22 March 1855 at Moreton Bay (Brisbane) direct from Hamburg, with almost 1000 German settlers, mainly from the Tauber River Valley in southern Germany. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/reports/census-colony-qld/census-colony-qld-1861.pdf, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75468018, http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/jol/2015/10/06/germans-in-queensland-history-in-pictures/, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19579946, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21876949, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3166355, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3165639, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13083075, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1262087, Send a private message to the Profile Manager, Queensland, Immigrants from German Confederation, Public Comments: This committee sent Johann Christian Heuler(Heussler), a successful German businessman in Brisbane, to Germany to recruit immigrants for Queensland. One of the first provisions made by the new Queensland Parliament in May 1860 was to encourage immigration to the vast land area encompassed by the newly declared colony. I just need to be patient as they are not directly involved, but are essentially acting as a go-between. If you leave your name on this page it would be helpful if you can add any notes about where Henri came from and which ship he came on. Early German Immigrants to the Moreton Bay Settlement . . German immigrants were prominent in settling South Australia and Queensland. I have linked the wikipedia page for Johann Christian Heussler to his name in the text, but if someone could see if he is on wikitree and if not create a profile for him and link it to this page that would be great. Passenger Lists Immigration South Australia, index. Of wide-spread fertile plains, and mountains high; Of gentle breezes and salubrious clime, -. Niles Elvery - Manager, Public Access . More than one is interested in researching the migrants that settled at Toowoomba and Darling Downs. (Alster arrived 7 August [7]), 1863 Aug. 10, La Rochelle (446), Hamburg. The labor market remains poor, so emigrants tend to skew towards nonworking. Early German immigrants were instrumental in the creation of the South Australian wine industry. According to the International Migration Outlook 2019, these arethe topOECD countries where Germans emigrate to. On a trip beset with sickness, 55 people, mainly young children and the elderly, died. Edward Lord's 1854 trip to Germany promoting Queensland was a major factor in the emigration of the passengers of the Marbs and the Aurora.[1]. But there are some countries, particularly in Europe, that Germans seem to like the most. He has published books about Imperial Germany, Antisemitism and the German theatre and, in 2011, edited An American Witness in Nazi Frankfurt with Peter Lang. I have a pdf of the front page of the passenger list for that 1887 trip and his entry on page 17 of that list but I don't think I can send that to you via this messaging system can I? The defining feature of colonial Queensland was its high immigrant population. To plug the gap, Germany will need 146,000 workers per year from non-EU countries. Captain Hahn, assisted this group in acquiring land in the Adelaide Hills, where they settled Hahndorf. 1890s. Otherwise the two spaces will end up duplicating 90% of the same information. I look forward to further correspondence with you. The figures in parentheses represent the number of passengers, and the port mentioned at the end of each line the place of embarkation:[5] [6]. 1890. Charles married there and had 2 children, one of whom was my Grandfather, Vivian James Batzloff. Johann Christian Heussler is credited with recruiting some 2000 German emigrants to settle in Queensland. Neg 67294, Holzheimer farm at Bethania, Queensland ca. Main stages of immigration . From my family connection I am far more familiar with the migration of German speakers to South Australia. Niles Elvery - Manager, Public Access, Queensland State Archives. Around 1880, the number of German immigrants in Queensland had surpassed that of South Australia. Dead Farm Files indicate that Manitzky and his family selected an agricultural farm of 80 acres in Teutoburg. Any relation? Neg 168483, Gentlemen seated around tables outside the German Club, Toowoomba ca. 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Contact the Profile Managers privately: Public Comments: University of Queensland, Brisbane, in Erdmann C. Rural Settlements Founded by German Immigrants in South Australia and Queensland During the 19th Century. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Immigrants_to_Queensland_from_Germany 184 German Immigrants: 107 single men, four single women, the rest married couples. Leave a message for others who see this profile. Use CSV resource in case of errors. Milman was established as a settlement by German immigrants, known as "The Alligator Creek Group" in 1910. The last of the initial wave of immigrants arrived in January 1839, on the Catharina. Is much more than a page that should be merely linked to this space (Prussian_and_German_Settlement_in_Queensland). On bone-broth, half a pint, doled twice a day; Or, as a treat, a pint of weak tea given. Neg 177767, Audience photograph of a Liedertafel smoke concert held in the Exhibition Concert Hall, Bowen Hills 1901. Australia's blessings, - language here is faint. Not sure if this is the right place to post this message so please re-direct me if there is a more appropriate place for it. But dearer far the land we left, - home of the great and wise. The first German language newspaper in Australia, Die Deutsche Post, was founded in Adelaide c. 6 January 1848.[7]. [4], A DECADE OF IMMIGRATION. Some passengers went to jobs in the Ipswich area, some to the Maryborough area, and many went to work in the Toowoomba district. Germans/Prussians began to settle in Australia in large numbers in 1838, with the arrival of immigrants from Prussia to Queensland. In the same year the Evangelical Church in the Royal Prussian Lands reinforced its self-conception as the Prussian State's church and renamed into Evangelical State Church of Prussia (German: Evangelische Landeskirche Preuens).To break this project in to States and minor Ethnic Groups could hinder its effectiveness, after tracing families, it has been noticed that: Profiles where the family originated from Prussia and Germany, including "via" other countries and settled in Australia. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. The records are held at Queensland State Archives. The employer had paid for their ship's passage. To pauper placemen, - pensioned tools of state. Andrew Bonnell (Volume editor) Neg 67294, Von Senden family. Existing Wikitree profiles are underlined. The History Link Project - Trace your ancesters! At the 2021 census, 1,026,138 respondents stated that they had German ancestry (whether alone or in combination with another ancestry), representing 4% of the total Australian population. Charles also lived out his life in Roma. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. It would appear we are distant relatives. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and their continuing connection to land and as custodians of stories for millennia. "For twenty summers ripening," the mighty waves divide; 'T is more than earthly fondness we cherish for them now, -. No tax collector comes to claim a share, -, No parish priest, - to make the larder bare. I think. Rebecca Vonhoff (Volume editor). 1905. Rebecca Vonhoff completed her PhD at the School of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics at the University of Queensland, having previously studied at the University of Southern Queensland and Freie Universitt, Berlin. I am a bit busy at the moment but, will look at it in more detail later on:), Prussian and German Settlement in Queensland. So, the first thing Id like to ask is, would there be any records available that would enable me to find out the circumstances related to his passage here, if someone arranged it and if so who etc? I should be able find a passenger list I can work with tomorrow. Thought they'd only lost a couple of babies, but it turns out they lost SIX (out of 12). (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. 1896. 1863 March 26, Cesar Goddefroy (196), Hamburg. Not here do starving crowds throng dense and deep. Click to reveal Neg 10122, Family of Carl Heuschele and his wife Anna in Middle Ridge, Queensland. Germans were often keen to integrate into their new homeland and deliberately anglicised their given and/or family names; for example, Gaertner might have become Gardener, Muller/Miller, and Johann/John. Lov'd land of plenty, - land of wealth and ease. In 1861 there were only about 2,000 Germans in Queensland, and they were mainly in the cities, working as labourers and tradesmen. This group settled predominantly at Glen Osmond. German Australians are one of the largest groups within the global German diaspora. 1913. This book deals with immigration processes of Germans who have arrived in Australia since 1945. Farm in the German settlement area in Westbrook, Queensland, ca. There are a number of reasons why German names are recorded inconsistently in Australian records. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Though a cloud rests on her commerce, and threatening storms appear. German reunification in 1990 paved the way for high immigration figures, which peaked in 1992. Some groups emigrated to Australia and the United States in the years leading up to 1840. These included the Hermann Family, Frederick Lenz and Christian Bachmann. Over this period, Germans have been the most important non-British European . Marriages were mostly within the known language and heritage, but, not always, some married English and Irish. From 1850 until World War I, German settlers and their descendants comprised the largest non-British or Irish group of Europeans in Australia. Blacksmiths and coach builders. This collection of essays considers the contribution made by German settlers in Queensland over the last century and a half of the state's history. Thanks Steve, I'd appreciate if you could help putting me in touch with the Queensland members. The volume also analyses the role of other German travellers and visitors who have had an impact on the state. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. This Page is Provided by the Prussian Settlement in Australia - German Australians ProjectOther Pages in this Project: Tips For Researching Prussian and German Settlers in Australia | Prussian and German Settlement in South Australia | Prussian Immigrant Ships to Australia | Back to Main Page, Prussian/German settlement and migration to Queensland is a complex topic. I also proposed the merge. They made up more than a quarter of the year's total immigration into what is now Queensland. you can add projects here. I have not stopped work on this .. These six families were recruited from the Rheingau region of Hesse by Major Edward Macarthur. Kind regards, Judy. (12.02.2019), While the United States took the top spot, Germany came in second as the largest single destination for migrants. Jordan and his successors including Richard Daintree, Thomas Archer and James Garrick, lured English, Welsh, Scots and Irish to migrate half way across the world to Queensland. William's son, Charles Batzloff was my Great Grandfather. It is an attempt to catch the voices of these people, to let them talk about their hopes,. According to the International Migration Outlook 2019, these are the top OECD countries where Germans emigrate to. The reason for their immigration from Germany was what they saw as interference by the ruler of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm III, in their religious affairs. He was able to offer immigrants attractive deals, including free ship's passage, good wages, and the right to select land to the value of 12 once their compulsory period of service (usually 2 years) to a local employer was over. Where exactly they move to is difficult to track. Ports of arrival from the north included Thursday Island, Cooktown, Cairns, Townsville, Bowen, Mackay, Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Maryborough and Brisbane. Kinnear winegrowers - April 1838 [ edit] They share a border, they theoretically speak the same language and they earn over 50% more than the Germans, according to OECD figures. Johann Justus, Friedrich Seckold, Johann Stein, Caspar Flick, Georg Gerhard and Johann Wenz, were the first German vinedressers in Australia. Copyright Queensland Historical Atlas, 2023. There possibly could have been family or people known to the family when he arrived at age 16 which is what I'm keen to investigate further and hoping someone in the group might have some onformation about. On 23 April 1838, the barque Kinnear arrived at Sydney carrying six German wine growing families. Every evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. I'll start looking for the passenger lists of 1887 ships. One of the earliest wine makers, whose descendants still produce wine, was Carl August Sobels. [2], Prominent figure to German Settlement in Queensland is Johann Heussler, immigration agent (who later became a member of the Legislative Council of Queensland). We thank you for the welcome which you gave us in good rhyme. , No church-rate, poor-rate, dog and window tax, -, Their very clothing seized to pay some rate, -. Although humanitarian migration has significantly dropped, family and labor migration are on the rise. I have just been sidelined by some stuff I'm doing for the England Project .. and also some of my own family lines (both maternal and paternal), which also happen to be in England. There are several things I am working on with Henri, and one of these is Im trying to work out the circumstances surrounding why and how he came to Australia because he was only 16 years old at the time he arrived. The group set sail for Australia, on 11 July 1841 on the Skjold. When George Gibbings, the Bailiff of Crown Lands visited the property for an inspection on 28 February 1894, Manitzkys were living in their 4 room house which they built of slabs and shingle-roof and the property was cultivated with maize, potatoes, fruits and vegetables. German immigrants became prominent in settling South Australia and Queensland. Stanley Place, South Brisbane Queensland 4101, Australia. Image APE-064-0001-0014, Wedding guests and bridal party at a German wedding, Ropeley ca. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Schrmann married the German Lutheran Wilhelmine Charlotte Maschmedt, also from Osnabrck, in 1847, and moved to Victoria in 1853. He was followed about 14 years later in 1901 by his sister and her two children, and his mother. Please use timeline events to record Immigration details, This project is included in The History Link Project - Trace your ancesters! During the late 1840's the "Northern Districts of New South Wales" began to agitate for separation from New South Wales; and, in 1851, a petition was sent to the Queen, urging the right of Moreton Bay to receive the same concession as had, in . There was a Bill Batzloff used to live in our street in Spring Hill back in the 70s I think it was. Both the display and the seminar featured contributions to the foundations of Queensland made by the German missionaries and the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt; early immigration records, land orders and immigration agents; pioneering families and their settlements; and the great hardship and grief they faced during the war-time. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland. I have a few bits and pieces of information about the family and am happy to share anything I have that may be of interest. Read more:If you want German trains, go to Switzerland. The joys we oft have gathered from Friendship's holy spring, -. Christian's son, William stayed in Roma where he married and raised a family. The surnames in the family are Roze, Ulrich and Illguth. The family were pioneers of the Logan Agricultural Reserve. In a concerted effort to populate the land with European settlers, Queensland's colonial administrators had enacted a pioneering immigration policy between 1860 and 1901, allowing Queensland to claim the highest percentage of foreign-born residents of all the Australian colonies in 1891. Many Germans congregate in London, working in academia or in the National Health Service. Items were selected from records created by a range of agencies including the departments of Survey, Land, Education, Colonial Secretary, Police, Immigration, Premier and Chief Secretary, Supreme Court etc. Dutch is somewhat easier to learn for Germans, especially if they know English already. My connection is via Christian Batzloff's daughter Whilhelmina. Main Areas of Settlement in Queensland Can you add Profiles to these Categories? classification system for alterations to German names which occurred after the bearers of those names immigrated to America.4 In his book German-American Names, George F. Jones articulates the popular notion that the name changes originated with the captains of the immigrant ships: When the immigrants boarded their ships at Neg 173122, Kalbar in the early 1900s. Also included are the German Imperial War Ensign, the British White Ensign and the Maltese Cross, 1912. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. As if by fasting man might get to heaven; If so, proud England's poor, compell'd to dwell. 1880. According to the 1901 Commonwealth Census, 38,352 Australians had been born in Germany. The barque San Francisco (a three masted barque of 450 tons (nm) built in Bjornberg, Sweden in 1846 and owned by JC Godeffroy & Sons) landed a number of emigrants in South Australia on 14 October 1850 on 15 (or perhaps 23) June 1850 after leaving Hamburg. Neg 142721, A. Wegener & Son, Cash Grocers, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba advertised to the German speaking population. Will sure that happy place at death attain. 210.65.88.143 [1 January 1859 to 31 December 1869], A list of principal vessels bringing immigrants and other passengers to Brisbane from January 1, 1859, to December 31, 1869 inclusive. I am going to look for passengers on Merkera. Wilhelm Kirchner, the Consul for Hamburg and for Prussia in Sydney, was not happy about Lord's actions, as he was already the official German immigration agent for NSW (which still included Moreton Bay). Where poverty is punished more than treason; And the poor fed, - or half starved, rather say. 1861-1891 Maryborough, Queensland Australia Immigrants from the British Isles & Germany 1861-1891 Index ($) 1864-1949 Australia, Queensland, Immigration indexes, 1864-1949 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index. (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. Geographically similar to Switzerland, Austria is the number one European Union destination for Germans. However, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) regularly surveys member states for migration data and publishes its findings. In 1841 the Old Lutherans, who had stayed in Prussia, convened in a general synod in Breslau and founded the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Prussia, which merged in 1972 with Old Lutheran church bodies in other German states to become today's Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church (German: Selbstndige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche, or SELK). The latter emigration led to the formation of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod, today the second largest Lutheran denomination in the U.S.; and the Evangelical Synod of the West, a predecessor body of The United Church of Christ. At the 2021 census, there were 107,940 Australian residents who were born . I noted in the passenger list that Henri emigrated with Free Nominated status. Neg 54065, Class portrait of the students of the German Community School, South Brisbane ca. Prussian Settlement in Australia - German Australians Project, Tips For Researching Prussian and German Settlers in Australia, Prussian and German Settlement in South Australia, http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/queensland.htm, Category: MIgrants from Prussia to Queensland, Queensland, Immigrants from German Confederation, Australia - Assisted and Bounty Immigrants, Wikipedia - List of Australian Place Names Changed From German Names, http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/chron/chron3.htm, http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/heussler-johann-christian-john-15534/text26748, Germans in Queensland - history in pictures, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Prussian_Settlement_in_Australia_-_German_Australians, Prussian Settlement in Australia - German_Australians, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Merkara%2C_Arrived_6_Apr_1888, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Heloise%2C_Immigrant_Voyage_to_South_Australia_1846_to_1847, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Immigrants_to_Queensland_from_Germany.
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