Muscle cars wouldn't have much muscle without horsepower -- but what exactly is horsepower? Pontiac differed from other GM Divisions and most other manufacturers in producing only a single small block V8, rather than adding a larger big block to its line-up. Exhaust: 180 cfm at 0.500-in It was removed from the design for the 1960 model year because designers moved the generator and the power steering pump from atop the front of the engine down to the front of the heads to accommodate a lower hoodline. A higher-output four-barrel carburetor version was offered, called the 326 HO (High Output). It produced 120hp (89kW) After 1981, the Pontiac V8 was replaced entirely by the GM "corporate" V8's from Chevrolet and Oldsmobile. The valve angle was reduced from 17 degrees to 14 degrees for better breathing. Though airflow is paramount in making power, there are other aspects of the engine that are just as important. It could only be ordered with a TH200 automatic transmission and a 2bbl configuration. moniker from the shaker due to the disappointing public approval as the motor was not deemed to be "High Output". Pontiac offered Tri-Power on select models and engines (347, 370, 389, and 421 CID) from 1957 through 1966, when it was finally . Approximately 6,000 2+2's were built in 1966, the only year the 2+2 was its own model. A total of 1,808 Ram Air IV production cars were built over its 2-year production. At the end of 1976, Pontiac was no longer able to continue production of the 455 (7.5 L) V8 motor due to the tightening emissions requirements. Likewise, the top 428 carried the same 376-hp rating as the 1966 Pontiac 421 Tri-Power motor. The four-barrel 400 was a popular performance option for many of Pontiac's cars. and so the 326 bore size was reduced to 3.72in (94.5mm), giving a true 326.06cuin (5.3L). Low-performance and two-barrel applications, the standard engine in full-sized Pontiacs, got 1.96in (49.8mm) intake and 1.66in (42.2mm) exhaust valves and pressed in rocker arm studs. A 400 cubic inch ram air equipped V8, it was an option on the 1969-70 GTO and Firebird Formula. The 421 used the same 4.120-inch bore but used the 4.0-inch crank from the 421 it replaced. Method used to retain pins in pistons: . Most likely prompted by its development of the Pontiac OHC six, the GM division built three different experimental SOHC 421 CID V8 engines in the early 1960s. Example: A128 = January 12, 19*8. Pontiac engine production records report that 190 XS-code 389 engines were built during the 1966 model year. Read. Standard only for the Pontiac Bonneville was Pontiac's first-ever fuel injection system. Though production cars only got the two hood air inlets the name was retained. Jets, Primary: Center #64 adjust power valvespring for 12 Hg at 1,000 rpm Some 400s were dealer installed. View the Pontiac Engine Torque Specifications for engine repairs and rebuilds. All 1980 Trans Ams received this engine as standard with the option to delete this engine choice as a credit option for the standard L37 301. For 1956 the V8 was bored out to 3.9375in (100.01mm), increasing displacement to 316.6cuin (5.2L). The engine came with 543797 (4-barrel) and 9770716 heads for the tri-power and special exhaust manifolds and a 7H cam with 292deg. Learn how Classified Ads works . Pontiac continued using its round-port cylinder-head design for 1971-'72 on the 455 HO. . The most famous S/D of them all. See profiles, photos, and specifications of, Muscle cars came in many shapes and sizes. [19], Parts for Ram Air V engines are not readily available. Mods: Flow-test indicated '66 center carburetor would be required to improve total cfm, adapter made to fit '66 center carburetorIGNITION There was also the addition of dual exhaust, and for vehicles equipped with a manual transmission, a slightly more aggressive camshaft. In 1973 a further refined and even stronger but less powerful version, the Super Duty (SD) engine, was planned for Firebird, Grand Am, Le Mans (GTO), and Grand Prix models. Pontiac engineers tested their 269cuin (4.4L) V8 in 1949 or 1950 against an OHV Oldsmobile Rocket V8 303cuin (5.0L) downsized to 270cuin (4.4L). He says the Tri-Power setup modified with the addition of the larger '66 center carb will flow 1,050 cfm. More 400cuin (6.6L) engines were produced by Pontiac than the other versions - estimates range from 80 to 200 units. According to the engineers who worked on the project, the SOHC 421 engines produced around 625hp and were capable of turning 7,000 rpm. The valve size increased as well, to 2.11in (53.6mm) intake and 1.77in (45.0mm) exhaust valves on high-performance heads. By 1963, the more powerful Pontiac 421 was beginning to outshine the 389 for performance applications. The Ram Air IV used the Ram Air II's camshaft but lift in the Ram Air IV was increased to 0.52in (13mm) thanks to the use of 1.65 ratio rocker arms (vs 1.50). Today, they have an average value of $430,000 in #3 (Good) condition, while the best in the world is worth about $550,000. 400 Ram Air (1969) / Ram Air (1970), aka Ram Air III, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Tested: 1968 Pontiac GTO 428 / Royal Bobcat", "1969 Pontiac Grand Prix 428 specifications | technical data | performance | fuel economy | emissions | dimensions | horsepower | torque | weight", "Muscle Car Horsepower How Exaggerated Was It? Laconic would be one way to describe this Pontiac's eBay listing, all it states is, "1966 Pontiac Ventura, 421 Tri-Power, 4 speed Runs/ Drives Great, Very Clean - Garage Kept".OK then, now you know what I know. Not where most enthusiasts go first. Bearings: Sealed-Power mains and rods, cam Dura-Bond The four-barrel version, set up for sustained high speeds, had 390 hp. 1967 - 400 Ram Air or 428 Code 670. Pontiac's V8s share the same 6.625in (168.3mm) connecting rod length, with the exceptions of the later short deck 301, 265, and 303 Ram Air V. Most Pontiac V8s had an overall length (to the edge of the water pump pulley) of 28.25in (718mm), an overall width of 27in (690mm), and a height (not including air cleaner) of 31in (790mm). 301 Turbo (210hp, 157kW), (with the 5th VIN character being a "T". Buckets and a console were added to the top-line Catalina interior, which could be optioned with a sport steering wheel and instrumentation that included a tachometer and oil-pressure gauge. Pontiac listed the 290hp (216kW) rating at 4000 rpm for a motor that had a 5700rpm redline on the factory tachometer. It was rated at 475hp (354kW). designs, the SD-455 was a much improved engine. The 421 SD produced up . Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Tri Power engine however was optional. In 1968 the 326 was replaced by the similarly 389-derived 350, which used a 3+78in (98.4mm) bore and 3+34in (95.3mm) stroke for a total displacement of 353.8cuin (5,798cc). Distributor: '61 Delco cast-iron with direct oiling Crank: Original '64 421 Available only in the 1973 and 1974 Firebird Formula and Trans Am, the SD-455 consisted of a strengthened cylinder block that included 4-bolt main bearings and additional material in various locations for improved strength. A big chunk of the appeal of the 1965 and '66 2+2 was the fact that you got a standard 421 under the hood: The 338hp, four-barrel 421-cu.in. They came up with a 269-cubic-inch (4.4L) L-head design. The head design was incorporated from the earlier 1970's 350 Pontiac heads, and could satisfy emissions in all states except for high-altitude emissions states and California. I don't know if it can be done, but I'm going to try." Ever wonder what it would take to increase that number by 100? Stating in 1962 the "421" and the "421 SD" engine became available as a factory option until 1966. The Block Date Code represents the production date of the engine. Still, it was the strongest American engine offered that year. Calling into play enormous power and a decent 55/45 weight distribution, the 2+2 could be launched with little tire spin and guided through corners with alarming efficiency. The piston weighs 630 grams with the pin versus the stock piston and pin weight of 790 grams. The Pontiac 2+2 was promoted as the "big brother" to the iconic Pontiac GTO. Standard ratio with the 400 was 3.55:1(except 3.36:1 in Firebird for 1969) regardless of transmission(3.23:1 for cars with air conditioning). HP = flow at 28 in/H2O x 0.257 x # of cylinders. A common misconception made by enthusiasts was the notion that all Pontiac engine equipped Trans Ams featured the "T/A 6.6" decal on the shaker, however, it was exclusive to the W72 engine that was featured on less than half of all Trans Ams made during this period. The development of this V8 dates back to 1946, when engineers began considering new engine designs for postwar cars. Two different cylinder-head castings were used for the 1962 model year, both with a combustion chamber volume of 68cc (4.15cuin) to produce an 11.0:1 compression ratio. This money bought a potent 389 V-8 with 267-283 bhp . Kits for Pontiac applications. However, compression ratios were cut dramatically, marking the beginning of the end of the muscle car era. Along with proper parts selection, accurate machining and assembly are also important Bolts or Parts: Lube or Sealer: Torque to: Main Caps. Also bowing in 1967 was the new Firebird, which had the . While not related to the 400 W72, the concept was the same. According to GM mandates horsepower was now rated in net figures as opposed to gross, so on paper the 1972 455 HO appeared to have a significant drop in power, but in fact it was very much the same engine, and performance figures reveal this to be true. Upon reflection, many did not consider that it was the only large displacement engine still on offer for any performance car on the market, and reconsidered Pontiac's position between the rising CAFE emissions restrictions.[14]. Detroit, however, was reluctant to relinquish its time-tested biggest-car/best-engine formula. All 428 cylinder heads received the 14 degree valve angle, closed chamber only in 67 and open chamber 68 and up. Bore and stroke were 4.121in 2.84in (104.7mm 72.1mm) 303.63cuin (4,976cc). It included a new camshaft with duration increased from 288/302 (No. Made with a provision for dry sump oiling, it truly was a racing engine, detuned for use in passenger cars. Though a change of camshaft would delay production, Pontiac decided to change camshaft, employing one with identical timing to the 744 camshaft, which had been used in the 400 Ram Air(aka Ram Air III) engine with manual transmissions. The 287 was an "oversquare" engine with a bore and stroke of 3+34in 3+14in (95.3mm 82.6mm), for a total displacement of 287.2cuin (4.7L). Total Timing: 36-deg BTDC The XS-code 389 was still rated at 360bhp at 5,200 rpm, same as the more common WS-coded Tri-Power 389, but performance was noticeably improved on acceleration runs. The Ram Air II also incorporated the first computer-designed camshaft. Even more powerful were the 421 Super Duty V8s that could produce up to 410 horsepower. For 1970 the Trans Am was the only Firebird available with the Ram Air IV, and 88 were produced during the abbreviated 1970 F-body production run. A Pontiac SD 421 came with forged steel rods and crankshafts for extra durability. Idel RPM Automatic In Drive Notes; 326: 1964: 45S: 0.035: . ft. After the SD-455 was certified with the new cam, it was production-ready but was then further delayed by the EPA mandating Pontiac recertify all of its engines when the EPA discovered that part-throttle emissions exceeded the limits. Headers: Hooker Super Comp (for dyno test) We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. But the "Ram Air" 400 also mandated steep 4.33:1 gears(or 3.90:1 in Firebird), making the Quadra-Power 400 (400 HO) the top practical street engine option for most drivers. An evolution of the RA IV and H.O. However, a few dealers would offer them in the GTO or Firebird and do their own installations, such as Royal Pontiac who offered the "Bobcat" conversion. The GTO's new hood scoop design, with the inlets centrally located and mounted above the carburetor, provided the opportunity for experimentation. One of the key upgrades were the 6x4 heads. By 1963 Pontiac decided it was time to release the 421 V8 officially to the general public and the motor would continue to be available until the end of the 1966 model year. The beginnings of Pontiac's iconic Ram Air dynasty began during the 1965 model year. The 1972 455 HO was available in the Firebird (optional in Formula; standard in Trans Am) and 2-door LeMans (including those with the GTO option) and LeMans Sport convertible. The crankshaft in the 428 had a "N" cast on them (designating nodular steel) as opposed to the 421's Armasteel. The overhead-cam six-cylinder engine was new for 1966 and the standard engine in the Tempest and Tempest Custom. Retainers: Crower steel This installment includes the assembly and parts selection up to the long-block. The new-for-1965 "Venturi" body shape and curved side glass were carried over with updates front and rear. Mods: Built to factory specifications/ adapt '64 choke to '66 center carburetor . Pontiac's initial plans were to use a camshaft with specs identical to the 041 Ram Air IV camshaft, but testing showed emissions, while technically compliant, did not have "cushion" to satisfy Pontiac's emissions engineers, to avoid production variation leading to any non-compliant engines being produced and sold. [5] It was rated at 360hp (268kW), but the Grand Prix with the same specifications was rated at 370hp (276kW).[6]. This S/D retains the original "Traction Master" traction bars and two-bar spinners on the original 8 . Boost was wastegate limited to 91psi (0.6210.069bar). Plans were made to produce Firebirds and GTOs with advertised ratings of 355hp (265kW) and 375hp (280kW) respectively but concerns about emissions, the response of the automobile safety lobby, and the warranty implications of a high-revving street engine led to cancellation of the program.[why? The "455 HO" moniker took on a whole new meaning with the introduction of the 1971 model year; Intended as a low compression progression from the previous years Ram Air IV engine, all 1971 455 HO engines used a heavy duty 4 bolt main block, round port cylinder heads (casting #197; with 8.4: compression), "Ram Air" style exhaust manifolds, and a two-part aluminum intake manifold. Other dimensional factors such as the wheel base, curb weight and length were largely unchanged. It was called the Ram Air IV due to the planned use of four air inlets. Windage tray: Original PMD '70 455, fabricate fit, no bosses at cap #2 In 1968, there was also a 350 "HO" which had increased power with the addition of higher compression #18 heads (#17 and #46 were the most common 2-barrel heads), a four-barrel carburettor and matching intake that was also used on the 400 and 428 engines. The 1980 301 Turbo was rated at 210hp (157kW) at 4400rpm and 345lbft (468Nm) @ 2800rpm. All Pontiac Catalina 2-Door Sedan versions offered for the year 1966 with complete specs, performance and technical data in the catalogue of cars . A higher-output version was offered, called the 326 HO (High Output). For a few more ponies through better oil control, a factory full-length windage tray will be added, since Pontiac didn't use one on this engine originally. Also added was the #48 casting number heads with a 68cc (4.15cuin) chamber for higher compression, along with larger 2.11 and 1.77in (54 and 45mm) valves. Only about 400 were produced before the fuel injection system was quietly dropped. The 1958 370" engine and the 195960 389 version was named the "Tempest" V-8 and changed in 61 to the "Trophy" V8. Fuel line size: 38-inch, 516-inch to carburetor This chart covers Pontiac V8 Engines; 265, 301, 326, 350, 389, 400, 421 . These muscle car profiles include photos and specifications for each model: For related car information, go to these articles: Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide The inlets were all well within the boundary layer that exists close to the surface, so all of these systems would more accurately be described as "outside air induction" systems, benefiting from the intake of cooler, and thus denser, outside air versus the comparatively hotter and less dense air under the car's hood. Some production test cars ran considerably slower and yielded 14-mile (402m) times in the 14.5 second/98mph (158km/h) range in showroom tune (uncited sources)- results that are quite consistent for a car with a curb weight of 3,850 pounds (1,746kg) and the rated 290hp (216kW) SAE NET figure that some sources suggest was "under-rated." Thus, the quest to find 100 hp in a 421 started on the flow bench, before a wrench or machine tool touched any part of the 49-year-old engine. Wearing a revised GM B-body semi-fastback shape, the 2+2 option delivered a 421-cu.in. Pontiac RAIII/IV Engine parts collection Price $14000.00. In addition, a shallower spherical-wedge combustion chamber moved the tuliped valve heads .040" closer to the piston at TDC, improving mixture draw considerably during the intake stroke. Block/Crank combo: '64 four-bolt 421 / '64 OE 4.00-in stroke The 338-bhp four-barrel was the base engine. The 1979 Firebird model line was the last year for the Pontiac 400, and by this point not only was it required with the 4-speed manual transmission, it also required the WS6 Special Handling Package as mandatory equipment. Are you thinking of buying a 2007 muscle car, or any other car? He wanted to confirm his parts are up to the task of holding the cylinder pressure that creates horsepower. cam specs out at 215/225-degrees duration at 0.050 and has just 0.407/0.407 lift with the factory 1.50:1 rockers. Pontiac V8 Engine Tune Up Specifications. Two tri-power 421s were optional, one with 356 bhp, the other with 376. For those who may not be familiar with the equation, here it is again: They acquired the featured Montero Red 1966 Pontiac Catalina post car, which was equipped from the factory with the 421 H.O. Engine Displacement: 432 ci During 19511952, Pontiac had 23 287cuin (4.7L) V8-equipped 1953 model production prototypes running tests on the GM proving grounds. The mighty Pontiac 421 was a star on the drag strip and a super nova on the Nascar tracks of the first half of the 60s. 1962 - 389 SD Code 544127. Carb: (3) Rochester two-barrels PMD Pontiac engines were used in its U.S.-market cars; Canadian-built Pontiac automobiles generally used Chevrolet engines. High output Pontiac V8 Cylinder Heads. The 1972 455 HO was rated at 300hp (224kW) @ 4,000rpm and 415lbft (563Nm) @ 3,200rpm. Both of these engines were originally dealer-installed options, but since the NHRA moved to limit racing eligibility to factory-available options on cars available to the public, Pontiac made the SD 421 a factory option for 1962, and most of the approximately 164 SD 421 engines were installed in the Catalina, with another 16 being installed in . Price $14000.00. The 1979 W72/WS6 equipped Trans Am was considered to be one of the overall best performing cars of the decade due to having a powerplant that produced more power than any other competitor on the market at the time with handling equipment to supplement the performance.[12]. From 1959 to 1966 Pontiac continues making improvements. The W72 also featured a camshaft with a higher duration, finer tuned 800cfm Rochester Quadrajet, insulated fuel line, larger 60PSI oil pump, chrome valve covers, a larger harmonic balancer, and the "T/A 6.6" Shaker decal. / 8.3 mpg (U.S.) / 3.5 km/l, more data: 1966 Pontiac Bonneville Convertible . For 1969-1970 GTO the 400 HO included driver operable Ram Air induction and was renamed "400 Ram Air" for 1969 and just "Ram Air" for 1970. Pontiac produced the 421 V8 engine from 1961 to 1968. In 1967, Pontiac moved on to a technologically simpler nodular cast iron (invented in late 1940s) crankshaft, which they used until 1975. If you enjoy the videos and would like to Sponsor me on Patreon, my Creator link is https://www.patreon.com/MyCarStoryWithLouOn "My Car Story" we're in Huntl. This had extra-rich "DX" secondary metering rods and a remote vacuum source for the primary metering rod enrichment circuit to allow the Power Enrichment Vacuum Regulator (PEVR) to release the primary metering rods to move to the up position (enrichment) anytime during boosted conditions. ENGINE TYPE Water-cooled V-8, cast iron block and head Displacement 428 in 3, 7015 cm 3 Power 390 hp @ 5200 rpm Cougar pulled out of Mustang's shadow with the striped and spoilered 1969 Mercury Cougar Eliminator. Shipping to: 98837. This was based on results of over 1 million test miles, which was unheard of at the time. Coil: GM . After the 1974 SD455 was dropped the 1975 Firebird's top performance engine was an 'L78' Pontiac 400cuin (6.6L). Sponsored Stories . Timing chain: LPC, double rollerINDUCTION All Pontiac V8s from 1955 to 1959 were reverse cooled, known as the "gusher" cooling system. Starting at the bottom, Jim will employ lighter and stronger parts in the reciprocating assembly, as evidenced by the choice of Howards billet rods and forged Icon pistons. In 1963 Pontiac dropped the Buick division built 215 cu. The V8 was phased out in 1981, replaced by GM "corporate engines" such as the Chevrolet 305 cu in small block V8. Pontiac Engine Torque Specs Pontiac Engine Torque Specs. In the early '60s, the engine program at the Pontiac division of General Motors was a wide-open operation that bustled with innovation. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Pontiac ignited the classic muscle car era with a stroke of marketing genius. Only 157 Ram Air IV Firebirds, including 55 Trans Ams, were built for 1969. Returns; . The 389 V8 was first introduced by Pontiac in 1959. It is probably best known for it's Tri-power option, which was optional on GTO's from 1964 through 1966.. First offered as an option in 1963, the 421 HO came in a 4-barrel engine of 320hp (239kW) and one Tri-Power H-O version with a hotter cam and efficient iron exhaust manifolds and rated at 370hp (276kW). Rod bolts or studs/head bolts or studs: ARP cap screw supplied in Howard's rods / PMDOILING SYSTEM Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations then assembled at Tonawanda Engine before delivery to Pontiac Assembly for installation. Over the years he has amassed a library of data from investing in metallurgical testing with a well-respected laboratory. In the 1960s the popular 389cuin (6.4L) version, which had helped establish the Pontiac GTO as a premier muscle car, was cut in half to produce an unusual, high-torque inline four economy engine, the Trophy 4. Neither casting was equipped with an exhaust crossover. Balancer: Original PMD rebuilt by Damper Doctor It featured a smaller bore of 3+34in (95.3mm) coupled with the same 3in (76.2mm) stroke of the 301 (same bore and stroke used by Chevrolet when the first small block motor was introduced in 1955). Pontiac's SCCA Trans-Am program was promising, with race-ready engines producing 475hp (354kW) to 525hp (391kW), however the series General Competition Rules required the manufacturer to produce no less than 250 vehicles with the 303. It is a known fact that a person's pupils dilate slightly when viewing something pleasant to the eyes. 1. The first letter equals the month. This test would tend to lend credence to the CAR AND DRIVER and HOT ROD tests of 1973 Super Duty cars with 3.42 gears, no air, and 160lb (73kg) less weight as being representative of production specimens capable of mid to high 13-second passes at 104mph (167km/h). Melling PN M54D with 60 psi spring, made 70 psi at 6,000 rpm with 30W oil Forged rods and forged-aluminum pistons were specified, as were unique high-flow cylinder-heads. It was rated 180hp (134kW) @ 4600rpm and 264lbft (358Nm) @ 2400rpm with a two-barrel carburetor, 200hp (149kW) @ 4600rpm and 278lbft (377Nm) @ 2800rpm with the four-barrel carburetor. . The 301 Turbo package mandated air conditioning, the THM350 (sometimes referred to as the CBC350 in various literature) non-lockup automatic transmission (THM350C lockup in 1981 Trans Ams), and 3.08 rear axle gearing. The W72 offered many improvements over the standard L78 400 Pontiac. Engine Block Date Code. The 1966 Pontiac GTO was also the first car to replace the aluminum grille with plastic mesh-pattern inserts. These heads can be distinguished from 6x8 heads through a small stamped "4" on the top of the front boss. The 389 would remain the standard Pontiac V8 engine through 1966, offered in a bewildering variety of outputs ranging from 215 to 368hp (160 to 274kW). For the 1978 model year, Pontiac re-incorporated the earlier thicker cast cast engine block denoted by the cast number 418988 and a "XX" cast into the side of the block.
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